In 2011 Colonel Gaddafi was assassinated.
On the 1st of September 1969 Colonel Muammar Gaddafi ‘s ‘Free Unionist Officers’ overthrew King Idris, while the king was receiving medical treatment in Turkey, in a bloodless coup on the 1st of September 1969. Gaddafi became Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces and chairman of the “Free Unionist Council”. Publically he left civilian ministers in charge however these ministers had to consult with Gaddafi’s Free Unionist Council and therefore Gaddafi had ultimate control of the country. A few months later on the 16th of January 1970 Gaddafi ended the charade and took direct control of Libya as “Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council”, “Prime Minister of Libya” and “Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of Libya”. Gaddafi remained leader of Libya, but changing his title on several occasions, until an uprising of the Libyan people led to his assassination on the 20th of October 2011.
In 1868 Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, (known as Norman Lockyer) observed Helium for the first time.
The British Scientist and astronomer was the first person to identify the element Helium which he discovered through the science of Electromagnetic Spectroscopy. Using a telescope to focus the rays of the sun and a prism to split the light, Lockyer witnessed a prominent yellow line. It was also observed by French astronomer Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen while in India a few months earlier on the 18th of August 1968 but it wasn’t until 1870 that Lockyer boldly suggested it was the fingerprint of an unknown element. As he found this from the suns rays Lockyer named the predicted element Helium after the Greek sun god Helios. 25 years later in 1895 William Ramsay confirmed Lockyer’s prediction when he successfully isolated Helium from a mineral called cleveite.
In 1818 The United States and United Kingdom sign the Treaty of 1818
The Anglo-American convention of 1818 took place in London and resolved once and for all the border disputes between the United States of America and Canada. It was agreed that the border should be based on the 49 degree north line of latitude (also known as the 49th parallel line). Although this meant both nations ceded territory it made the border easier to plan. The treaty also settled other discrepancies left over from the war of 1812 including the return of slaves. The United States had demanded the return of all the slaves the British had captured during the 1812 war claiming that they were the property of the United States Citizens. Despite freeing the slaves the British agreed to return them during the treaty of Ghent (signed on the 24th of December 1814) but as a result of the Anglo-American convention of 1818 the United Kingdom paid the United States over a million dollars for the slaves.
