Capital: Luanda

Population (Estimated July 2012): 18,056,072

Area: 1,246,700km² or 481,354 mi²

Currency: Kwanza (AOA)

Official Language: Portuguese

Political Information: Multiparty Presidential Republic

Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 47% of the population have indigenous religious beliefs, 38% are Roman Catholic and 15% are Protestant)

Highest Mountain: Mount Mocco (Morro de Moco) at 2,620m or 8596

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00

Counties/Provinces/States: Provinces (provincias, singular – provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Leaders: President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos; Vice President Fernando “Nando” da Piedade Dias Dos Santos

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica,

Angola, officially known as the Republic of Angola, is a country located in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, Zambia to the east, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north. With a population of over 30 million people, Angola is one of the largest countries in Africa. The capital city of Angola is Luanda.

Angola holds great importance in Africa due to its rich natural resources, including oil, diamonds, and minerals. It is one of the largest oil producers in Africa and has a significant impact on the global oil market. The country’s economy heavily relies on its natural resources, making it an important player in the African continent.

Angola’s History: From Colonialism to Independence

Angola has a complex history that dates back to the era of colonialism. The Portuguese arrived in Angola in the 15th century and established a colony that lasted for over four centuries. During this time, Angola became a major hub for the transatlantic slave trade, with millions of Africans being forcibly taken from the country.

The struggle for independence began in the 1950s when nationalist movements emerged, demanding an end to Portuguese rule. The most prominent of these movements was the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho Neto. After years of armed conflict and international pressure, Angola finally gained independence from Portugal on November 11, 1975.

However, independence did not bring stability to Angola. Instead, it plunged into a devastating civil war that lasted for nearly three decades. The civil war was fought between three main factions: the MPLA, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA). The war resulted in immense suffering for the Angolan people, with millions displaced and thousands killed.

Angola’s Geography: A Diverse Landscape

Angola is a country with a diverse and varied landscape. It is characterized by four main regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau, the highlands, and the eastern lowlands. The coastal plain stretches along the Atlantic Ocean and is home to major cities such as Luanda and Benguela.

The central plateau is the most populous region of Angola and is known for its fertile soil. It is an important agricultural area, producing crops such as maize, cassava, and beans. The highlands, located in the central part of the country, are known for their stunning landscapes and cooler climate. They are also rich in minerals such as diamonds and copper.

The eastern lowlands, also known as the Zambezi Basin, are characterized by vast grasslands and savannahs. This region is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including elephants, lions, and giraffes. Angola’s geography also includes several major rivers, such as the Cuanza, Kwanza, and Zambezi, which play a crucial role in the country’s agriculture and transportation.

Angola’s People: Ethnic Diversity and Culture

Angola is a country with a rich ethnic diversity, with over 90 different ethnic groups. The largest ethnic group in Angola is the Ovimbundu, followed by the Mbundu and the Bakongo. Each ethnic group has its own distinct culture, traditions, and languages.

Angolan culture is deeply rooted in African traditions and customs. Music and dance play a significant role in Angolan culture, with various traditional dances such as kizomba, semba, and kuduro being popular throughout the country. These dances are often accompanied by traditional instruments such as drums and marimbas.

Angola’s cultural heritage also includes traditional crafts such as pottery, weaving, and wood carving. These crafts are not only a means of artistic expression but also an important source of income for many Angolans. The country’s rich cultural heritage is celebrated through various festivals and events, such as the Luanda International Jazz Festival and the National Festival of Angolan Culture.

Angola’s Economy: A Resource-Rich Nation

Angola is a resource-rich nation, with its economy heavily reliant on its natural resources. The country is one of the largest oil producers in Africa, with oil accounting for the majority of its export revenue. Angola is also rich in diamonds, minerals, and agricultural resources.

The oil industry plays a crucial role in Angola’s economy, contributing to over 90% of its export earnings. However, the country’s heavy reliance on oil makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices. In recent years, Angola has made efforts to diversify its economy by investing in sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism.

Despite its vast natural resources, Angola faces several challenges in its economy. One of the major challenges is the high level of corruption, which hinders economic development and discourages foreign investment. Additionally, the country’s infrastructure is in need of significant improvement, particularly in areas such as transportation and energy.

Angola’s Politics: A Struggle for Democracy

Angola has a complex political history that has been marked by decades of authoritarian rule and a struggle for democracy. After gaining independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola was ruled by the MPLA under President Agostinho Neto. However, the country soon descended into a civil war between the MPLA and UNITA.

The civil war ended in 2002 with the death of UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi. Since then, Angola has made progress towards democracy, holding several elections and transitioning to a multi-party system. However, there are still concerns about the lack of political freedom and human rights abuses in the country.

The current president of Angola is João Lourenço, who took office in 2017. Lourenço has made efforts to combat corruption and improve governance in the country. However, there is still a long way to go in terms of achieving true democracy and ensuring the protection of human rights in Angola.

Angola’s Education: Challenges and Opportunities

Angola’s education system faces several challenges, including a lack of infrastructure, qualified teachers, and resources. The country has made progress in recent years in expanding access to education, with an increase in enrollment rates at the primary and secondary levels. However, there is still a significant disparity in access to education between urban and rural areas.

One of the major challenges in Angola’s education system is the high dropout rate, particularly at the secondary level. Many students are forced to drop out of school due to poverty, lack of transportation, and the need to work to support their families. Additionally, there is a shortage of qualified teachers, particularly in rural areas.

Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for improvement in Angola’s education system. The government has recognized the importance of education in driving economic development and has made efforts to invest in the sector. There are also several non-governmental organizations and international partners working to improve access to quality education in Angola.

Angola’s Healthcare: Progress and Challenges

Angola’s healthcare system has made significant progress in recent years but still faces several challenges. The country has made efforts to improve access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas. The government has invested in building new healthcare facilities and training healthcare professionals.

However, there are still significant challenges in Angola’s healthcare system. One of the major challenges is the high prevalence of infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. These diseases put a strain on the healthcare system and require ongoing investment in prevention and treatment.

Another challenge is the lack of healthcare infrastructure and resources. Many healthcare facilities in Angola lack basic equipment and supplies, making it difficult to provide quality care. Additionally, there is a shortage of healthcare professionals, particularly in rural areas.

Angola’s Tourism: A Growing Industry

Angola’s tourism industry has great potential for growth, thanks to its diverse natural landscapes and cultural heritage. The country offers a range of tourist attractions, including stunning beaches, national parks, historical sites, and vibrant cities.

One of the main tourist attractions in Angola is the city of Luanda, with its beautiful coastline and vibrant nightlife. The city is known for its colonial architecture, such as the Fortress of São Miguel and the Palácio de Ferro. Other popular destinations include the Kissama National Park, which is home to a wide variety of wildlife, and the Tundavala Fissure, a breathtaking natural wonder.

Despite its potential, the tourism industry in Angola faces several challenges. One of the main challenges is the lack of infrastructure and services for tourists. There is a need for investment in hotels, transportation, and tourist facilities to attract more visitors.

Angola’s Future: Prospects and Challenges Ahead

The future of Angola holds both prospects and challenges. The country has made progress in recent years in terms of economic development, political stability, and social progress. However, there are still significant challenges that need to be addressed.

One of the main challenges is reducing poverty and inequality in Angola. Despite its vast natural resources, a large portion of the population still lives in poverty. There is a need for inclusive economic growth that benefits all segments of society.

Another challenge is improving governance and combating corruption. Corruption remains a major issue in Angola and hinders economic development and social progress. Efforts to strengthen institutions and promote transparency are crucial for the country’s future.

In conclusion, Angola is a country with a rich history, diverse geography, and vibrant culture. It holds great importance in Africa due to its natural resources and economic potential. While the country has made progress in recent years, there are still significant challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure a bright future for Angola.

If you’re interested in learning more about Angola and its rich cultural heritage, you should definitely check out this fascinating article on “The Traditional Music of Angola” from the Array magazine. This insightful piece delves into the diverse musical traditions of Angola, exploring the rhythms, instruments, and styles that have shaped the country’s vibrant music scene. From the soulful melodies of semba to the energetic beats of kuduro, this article offers a captivating glimpse into the musical tapestry of Angola. So why not click here to read more and embark on a musical journey through Angola’s captivating soundscape?