Explore the World Through Geography, Natural Resources & Daily History
Clear, reliable and engaging guides that help you understand our planet — from UK geography education to global natural resources and On This Day history events.
Explore, discover, and learn about the wonders of our world! At Earth Site, we’re passionate about bringing geography, history, and science to life for curious minds of all ages. Whether you’re delving into historical events, uncovering the mysteries of the natural world, or seeking interactive resources, you’re in the right place.
Here, you can uncover the stories behind historical events, explore the natural wonders of our planet, and gain valuable insights into how the Earth’s systems shape our daily lives. From the towering peaks of mountain ranges to the far-reaching impacts of human innovation, we aim to make every topic both engaging and informative.
Start your journey of discovery with us today, and let’s make learning an adventure!
What We Cover
Earth Site brings together engaging and accessible educational content designed to help you understand the world, its history, and its natural systems.
🌍 Geography Education (UK & Worldwide)
We publish clear, easy-to-understand geography resources for students, teachers and curious learners. Our guides support geography education in the UK and cover physical geography, climate, ecosystems, population, and global development.
⛏️ Natural Resources & Environmental Geography
Explore detailed country profiles covering natural resources, mining, energy, geology and global environmental challenges. We show how nations manage minerals, water, land and ecosystems, and why these resources matter.
📅 On This Day in History
Every day has a story. Our On This Day history series features major events, anniversaries, traditions, and cultural milestones from around the world — with timelines, context, and fun facts.
TIMELINE
Exploring the Fascinating Dynamics of Animal Families
Animal families, often referred to as social groups or units, are fundamental to the survival and success of many species across the globe. These familial structures can vary significantly, encompassing a wide range of social arrangements from solitary living to complex, cooperative societies. The concept of family in the animal kingdom is not merely a reflection of genetic ties; it also encompasses social bonds, cooperative behaviours, and shared responsibilities. Understanding these dynamics provides insight into the evolutionary strategies that have shaped the behaviours and interactions of various species. The study of animal families reveals a rich tapestry of relationships that extend beyond mere reproduction. For instance, in many species, familial bonds are crucial for the upbringing of young, the protection of vulnerable members, and the sharing of resources. These relationships can be observed in diverse environments, from the intricate social structures of elephants and wolves to the more solitary lifestyles of certain reptiles. By examining these family units, researchers can glean valuable information about the ecological roles these animals play and how their social structures influence their survival and adaptation. Summary Animal families exhibit complex communication and social structures essential for survival. Parental care and sibling relationships play crucial roles in nurturing and hierarchy formation. Cooperation and specialised roles within families enhance adaptability to environmental challenges. Reproductive behaviours and intergenerational bonds influence family dynamics and kinship. Studying animal families aids conservation efforts and offers insights into human social systems. Communication and Social Structure within Animal Families Communication is a cornerstone of social interaction within animal families, serving as a vital tool for maintaining cohesion and facilitating cooperation. Many species...
Exploring the Mammal Class: A Fascinating Look at British Wildlife
Mammals, a diverse and fascinating class of animals, are characterised by their unique physiological traits, including the presence of mammary glands, which allow females to nurse their young. This class, scientifically known as Mammalia, encompasses a wide range of species, from the minuscule bumblebee bat to the colossal blue whale. Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that typically possess hair or fur, and they exhibit a high degree of parental care, which is crucial for the survival of their offspring. The evolutionary journey of mammals began over 200 million years ago, during the Mesozoic era, and since then, they have adapted to occupy nearly every ecological niche on the planet. The classification of mammals is intricate, with three primary groups: monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians (placental mammals). Monotremes, such as the platypus and echidna, are unique in that they lay eggs rather than giving birth to live young. Marsupials, including kangaroos and koalas, are known for their distinctive reproductive strategy, where young are born at an early stage of development and continue to grow in a pouch. Eutherians represent the largest group of mammals and include familiar species like dogs, cats, and humans. This remarkable diversity within the mammal class highlights the evolutionary success of these creatures and their ability to thrive in various environments. Summary British mammals exhibit remarkable diversity, from small rodents to iconic species like red deer and badgers. Various habitats across Britain, including woodlands, wetlands, and urban areas, support different mammal populations. Conservation efforts are crucial to combat threats such as habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Mammals play vital roles in ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity and environmental...
The Fascinating World of Carnivora: A Closer Look at Animal Order
The order Carnivora encompasses a diverse group of mammals primarily characterised by their carnivorous diet, although some species exhibit omnivorous tendencies. This order includes well-known animals such as lions, tigers, wolves, and bears, as well as lesser-known species like the fossa and the sea otter. The evolutionary adaptations of these animals have equipped them with specialised teeth and digestive systems that facilitate the consumption of meat. The significance of Carnivora extends beyond their role as predators; they are integral components of their ecosystems, influencing population dynamics and contributing to the balance of various habitats. Carnivores are found across a wide range of environments, from the icy tundras of the Arctic to the dense jungles of the Amazon. Their adaptability to different ecological niches is a testament to their evolutionary success. The study of Carnivora not only provides insights into the biology and behaviour of these fascinating creatures but also highlights the intricate relationships they maintain with other species and their environments. Understanding Carnivora is crucial for conservation efforts, as many species face threats from habitat loss, climate change, and human encroachment. Summary Carnivora is a diverse order of mammals known for their specialised teeth and carnivorous diets. The evolutionary history of Carnivora reveals adaptations that have enabled their survival across various habitats. Carnivora species exhibit a wide range of behaviours and hunting techniques suited to their ecological roles. Many Carnivora face conservation challenges due to habitat loss, human conflict, and environmental changes. Ongoing research continues to uncover new insights into Carnivora biology, behaviour, and their cultural significance. Taxonomy and Classification of Carnivora The order Carnivora is divided into two...
Exploring the Wonders of Animal Kingdom
The Animal Kingdom, a vast and intricate tapestry of life, encompasses an astonishing array of species that inhabit every corner of our planet. From the depths of the oceans to the highest mountain peaks, animals have adapted to thrive in diverse environments, showcasing the remarkable resilience and ingenuity of life. This kingdom is not merely a collection of organisms; it is a dynamic web of interactions, where each species plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. The study of animals, their behaviours, and their habitats offers profound insights into the natural world and our place within it. As we delve into the wonders of the Animal Kingdom, we uncover the myriad forms of life that exist, each with its unique adaptations and characteristics. The complexity of animal life is a testament to millions of years of evolution, where survival has often hinged on the ability to adapt to changing environments. This exploration reveals not only the beauty and diversity of animal species but also highlights the interconnectedness of all living beings, underscoring the importance of understanding and preserving this intricate web of life. Summary The Animal Kingdom encompasses a vast diversity of species across various habitats. Marine life showcases some of the most fascinating and unique creatures on Earth. Big cats and primates highlight the majesty and playfulness found within the animal world. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect endangered species and maintain ecological balance. The magic of the Animal Kingdom lies in its incredible variety and the interconnectedness of all creatures. The Diversity of Animal Species The sheer diversity of animal species is staggering, with estimates suggesting...
Exploring the Fascinating Animal Phylum: Mollusca
Mollusca, one of the largest and most diverse phyla in the animal kingdom, encompasses a remarkable array of organisms that inhabit a variety of environments, from the deepest oceanic trenches to the lushest terrestrial landscapes. This phylum includes familiar creatures such as snails, clams, and octopuses, showcasing an extraordinary range of forms, sizes, and behaviours. With over 85,000 recognised species and many more yet to be described, molluscs represent a significant portion of global biodiversity. Their evolutionary history dates back over 500 million years, making them one of the oldest groups of animals on Earth. The evolutionary success of molluscs can be attributed to their unique anatomical features and adaptive strategies. They possess a soft body, typically protected by a hard shell made of calcium carbonate, although some species have lost this shell entirely. Molluscs exhibit a wide variety of feeding mechanisms, reproductive strategies, and locomotion methods, allowing them to thrive in diverse ecological niches. This adaptability not only highlights their evolutionary resilience but also underscores their importance in various ecosystems and human cultures. Summary Molluscs are a highly diverse phylum, ranging from snails to squids, with unique anatomical features. They play a crucial role in marine ecosystems, contributing to environmental balance and biodiversity. Molluscs have significant cultural importance, valued for pearls, cuisine, and artistic inspiration. Many species face threats from habitat loss and invasive species, necessitating focused conservation efforts. Ongoing research explores their potential in medicine and highlights future challenges and opportunities. The Anatomy and Characteristics of Molluscs Molluscs are characterised by their distinct body plan, which generally consists of three main parts: the foot, the visceral mass,...
Major Events of 1985: Innovation, and Global Turning Points
TIMELINE 1900's Major Events of 1985: A Year of Change, Innovation, and Global Turning Points Introduction The year 1985 stands out as a transformative moment in modern history. From major political milestones that reshaped international relations to groundbreaking technological innovations and iconic cultural events, 1985 played a crucial role in shaping the world we know today. This article explores the most significant events of 1985, offering a structured overview ideal for readers researching historical timelines, 1980s culture, and global developments. 1. Political Milestones of 1985 The Geneva Summit Reignites Cold War Dialogue One of the most significant political events of 1985 was the Geneva Summit, held in November. This historic meeting brought together U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev for the first time. The summit marked a meaningful step in easing Cold War tensions, laying the groundwork for future arms-reduction agreements and improved diplomatic relations. Other Key Political Events in 1985 Gorbachev Becomes Soviet Leader: In March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev rose to power, initiating policies such as glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) that would transform Soviet society and politics. Schengen Agreement Signed: Five European countries signed the landmark Schengen Agreement, paving the way for passport-free travel within parts of Europe. Mexico City Earthquake Response: While not strictly political, the 1985 magnitude-8.0 earthquake exposed political corruption and inefficiencies in Mexico’s government response, igniting public pressure for reform. 2. Technological Advancements That Defined 1985 Microsoft Releases Windows 1.0 A major highlight of 1985 was the launch of Microsoft Windows 1.0. This groundbreaking operating system introduced a graphical user interface to millions, marking the beginning of the modern...
Events of Year 1984: Innovation, Tension, & Cultural Changes
TIMELINE 1900's Major Events of 1984: A Year of Innovation, Tension, and Cultural Transformation Introduction The year 1984 was marked by major global shifts, technological breakthroughs, and cultural milestones that continue to influence the modern world. From Cold War escalations to advancements in personal technology and unforgettable pop-culture moments, 1984 remains one of the most iconic years of the 20th century. This article explores the most significant events of 1984, offering an optimized overview ideal for readers researching historical timelines, 1980s culture, and world events. 1. Political Milestones of 1984 Tensions and Turning Points in the Cold War While the Cold War dominated global politics, 1984 saw key developments that shaped international relations: Soviet Boycott of the Los Angeles Olympics: In retaliation for the 1980 U.S. Olympic boycott, the USSR and several Eastern Bloc countries refused to participate in the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics, intensifying East–West divisions. Reagan’s Landslide Re-Election: U.S. President Ronald Reagan won a historic victory against Walter Mondale, reaffirming American conservative politics and strengthening the “Reaganomics” agenda. Major Global Political Events Indira Gandhi Assassination: On October 31st, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards, triggering widespread riots and a pivotal shift in Indian politics. Sino-British Joint Declaration Signed: China and the United Kingdom formally agreed on the future of Hong Kong, setting the path for its 1997 handover. UK Miners’ Strike: One of the most defining labour disputes in British history, the 1984–85 miners’ strike, began as communities clashed over industrial closures and government policy. 2. Technological Advancements That Defined 1984 The Birth of the Modern Apple Era One of the...
Year 1953
TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1953-01-07In 1953 President Harry Truman announced that the United States of America had developed a Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb). The development of the hydrogen bomb by the United States marked a critical and controversial chapter in the history of nuclear weapons and the Cold War. The hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb, was far more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The idea of a hydrogen bomb was first proposed during World War II. Unlike atomic bombs, which rely on nuclear fission (splitting atomic nuclei), hydrogen bombs use nuclear fusion—the same process that powers the sun—to release energy. This involves fusing lighter nuclei, such as isotopes of hydrogen, to create heavier elements. The United States began seriously pursuing the hydrogen bomb after the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb in 1949, ending America's monopoly on nuclear weapons. This event, coupled with rising tensions in the Cold War, prompted President Harry S. Truman in 1950 to approve the development of a "super bomb." The first full-scale hydrogen bomb test, codenamed "Ivy Mike", was conducted on November 1, 1952, at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. The explosion was equivalent to 10.4 megatons of TNT, over 500 times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The successful test of the hydrogen bomb escalated the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviets tested their first hydrogen bomb in 1953, initiating a period of intense competition in the development and stockpiling of increasingly powerful nuclear weapons. 1953-02-05In 1953 sweet rationing finally ended in Britain after 11 years. The...
Year 1952
TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1952-02-08In 1952 the eldest daughter of deceased King George VI officially proclaimed herself Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Head of the Commonwealth and Defender of the Faith (at the age of 25). Her speech to the commonwealth representatives and dignitaries, spoke explained that "By the sudden death of my dear father I am called to assume the duties and responsibilities of sovereignty".1952-02-10In 1952 The Congress Party wins India’s first General Election which saw more than 100 million voters. India gained independence from the United Kingdom on the 15th of August 1947 and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the countries new Leader, but this election makes him India’s first elected Prime Minister.1952-08-03 In 1952 The United Kingdom tested their first nuclear bomb. The first nation to create and test a nuclear bomb was the United States in July 1945 with a 20kt device named “Trinity” followed by Russia with “RDS-1” in Aug/Sep 1949. The United Kingdom tested their first nuclear bomb on the 3rd of August 1952 with “Hurricane” a 25 kiloton device tested off Western Australia. On the 13th of February 1960 France tested their 70kt “Gerboise bleue" becoming the fourth and on the 16th of October 1964 China became the fifth with their 22 kiloton device. These five nations are the only permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) which is a branch of the United Nations and was founded with the UN in 1946. After World War II these nations were considered the main victors and they maintained the most powerful military forces in the world (except France who were over taken by Japan in 2012). On the 1st of...
Year 1951
TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1951-11-01In 1951 the United States of America tested their first Hydrogen Bomb. The United States tested their first Hydrogen Bomb (a 10.4 megaton device), which was detonated in the Marshall Islands on the 1st of November 1951, and was so powerful that it destroyed the island of Elugelab. This bomb was 1,000 times more powerful than the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima. It was a 15 megaton bomb, which was too powerful for the testing equipment and was the biggest man-made explosion in history (until Russia tested their 50 megaton hydrogen bomb in 1961). Because the bomb had been far more powerful than expected, the radiation from nuclear fallout was also greater, and 264 people were exposed to high doses of radiation. Twenty-three crew members aboard a Japanese fishing boat named “The Lucky Dragon” were affected despite being 80 miles away from the explosion at the time. Atom bombs such as the one dropped on Hiroshima are produced from nuclear fission (splitting the atom), but Hydrogen Bombs use a nuclear fission bomb to create enough heat to cause a secondary nuclear fusion reaction. This is when two atoms (in this case hydrogen) are fused into one atom which is the same process that powers the sun. TIMELINE...
Year 1950
TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1950-01-04In 1951 Chinese and North Korean troops were said to be close to capturing the South Korean capital city of Seoul for a second time since the war began. South Korea was invaded by the North Korean People’s Army (NKPA) in June 1950, but after UN intervention they had been forced back into their own country and pursued by UN Forces. When the NKPA’s defeat seemed certain the Chinese Communist Forces (CFF) joined the North Korean forces for this counter-strike. UN forces regained control of Seoul in March 1951. After many failed attempts at peace talks, a demilitarised zone was set up between the two countries which still exists today.1950-01-21In 1950 George Orwell died. The writer of political novels such as ‘Animal Farm’ and 1984 died on this day in 1950 from a haemorrhage in a London hospital after his three-year battle with tuberculosis. George Orwell, born Eric Arthur Blair on June 25, 1903, in Motihari, British India, was a British writer, journalist, and critic known for his profound insights into politics, society, and human nature. His works, including Animal Farm and 1984, have become cornerstones of modern literature and political thought, exploring themes such as authoritarianism, propaganda, and social justice. Early Life Orwell was born into a middle-class family with connections to the British Empire. Educated at prestigious institutions like Eton College, he later chose a non-traditional path, rejecting his privileged background to live among the working class and explore the realities of poverty. Political Awakening and Literary Beginnings After serving in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, Orwell resigned, disillusioned by colonial oppression. His experiences in Burma and later among...
Year 1949
TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1949-04-17 On this day in 1949 Ireland or Eire officially became the Republic of Ireland. Following the “Easter Uprising” (24th-30th of April 1916) public support for the Irish Republican Party had grown. On the 14th of December 1918 as part of the United Kingdom's general elections, votes cast in Ireland gave overwhelming support for the Irish Republican Party, (called Sinn Fein). However there was still massive support for the Unionist Party in the northern province of Ulster (this region would later become Northern Ireland). Instead of the elected members of Sinn Fein attending the Imperial Parliament in London, Sinn Fein created their own Parliament in Dublin called the ‘First Dáil Eirean’ (first Irish Assembly). On the 21st of January 1919 Sinn Fein declared Ireland’s Independence from the United Kingdom. On the same day two members of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) were shot dead. This was the beginning of the Irish War of Independence. A large group of Irish gorilla fighters formed (some from the Irish Volunteers) and by September of 1919 they would be known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The IRA began “liberating” weapons for their cause from the UK forces. The UK declared both Sinn Fein and their government illegal and sent in troops. But with the army recovering from the losses of WWI many of the troops sent were ex-soldiers. The influx of soldiers in their tanned uniform and the black uniform of the police led to their nick name of ‘Black and Tan’. Many of the troops acted less than professionally, drunk brash and badly organised. The IRA were able to...